# papers

unique_id: EDEXCEL-MATHS-2024-June-1H
exam_board: Edexcel
paper_number: 1H
tier: higher
season: June
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
paper_url:
  https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/GCSE/Mathematics/2015/Exam-materials/1ma1-1h-que-20240517.pdf


unique_id: EDEXCEL-MATHS-2024-June-2H
exam_board: Edexcel
paper_number: 2H
tier: higher
season: June
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
paper_url:
  https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/GCSE/Mathematics/2015/Exam-materials/1ma1-2h-que-20240604.pdf


unique_id: EDEXCEL-MATHS-2024-June-3H
exam_board: Edexcel
paper_number: 3H
tier: higher
season: June
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
paper_url:
  https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/GCSE/Mathematics/2015/Exam-materials/1ma1-3h-que-20240611.pdf


# questions

unique_id: EDEX-MATH-NUMB-Q-006
question_text: What is 15% of 80?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: 12
explanation: 15% = 15/100. 15/100 × 80 = 12
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "8", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "12", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "15", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "20", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: EDEX-MATH-TRIG-Q-004
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 4 m
explanation: Using Pythagoras: h² = 5² - 3² = 25 - 9 = 16, h = 4m
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
question_text:
  A ladder 5m long leans against a wall. The foot of the ladder is 3m from the wall. How high up the wall does the ladder reach?


unique_id: EDEX-MATH-PROB-Q-001
question_text: A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 blue balls. What is the probability of picking a red ball?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: 3/8
explanation: P(red) = number of red / total = 3/8
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "3/5", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "3/8", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "5/8", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "1/3", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-READ-Q-001
question_text: What does the writer mean by "infer"?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: To suggest without directly stating
explanation: Inference means reading between the lines - understanding what is implied but not directly stated.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "To state directly", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "To suggest without directly stating", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "To describe in detail", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "To argue a point", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-READ-Q-002
question_text: What is the effect of short sentences in a tense scene?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Builds tension and urgency
explanation: Short sentences create a staccato rhythm that increases pace and tension.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Creates a relaxed pace", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Builds tension and urgency", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Shows the writer is lazy", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Makes text easier to read", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-LANG-Q-001
question_text: What is a metaphor?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: A direct comparison saying something IS something else
explanation: A metaphor directly states one thing IS another (e.g., "The world is a stage")
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "A comparison using \"like\" or \"as\"", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "A direct comparison saying something IS something else", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Giving human qualities to objects", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Exaggeration for effect", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-LANG-Q-002
question_text: What technique is "The wind whispered through the trees"?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Personification
explanation: Personification gives human qualities (whispering) to non-human things (wind).
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Metaphor", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Simile", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Personification", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Alliteration", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-SPEL-Q-001
question_text: Which is correct: "their", "there", or "they're" in: "___ going to the park"?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: they're
explanation: "They're" = they are. "Their" = belonging to them. "There" = a place.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "their", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "there", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "they're", "isCorrect": true}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-SPEL-Q-002
question_text: What is a semicolon used for?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: To join two related independent clauses
explanation: Semicolons link two complete sentences that are closely related in meaning.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "To end a sentence", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "To introduce a list", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "To join two related independent clauses", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "To show ownership", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CELL-Q-001
question_text: Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Mitochondria
explanation: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell where aerobic respiration occurs.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Nucleus", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Ribosome", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Mitochondria", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Cell membrane", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CELL-Q-004
question_text: What is osmosis?
question_type: short_answer
explanation: Osmosis is specifically the diffusion of water across a membrane.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
correct_answer:
  The movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane


unique_id: AQA-COMB-HOME-Q-001
question_text: Which hormone controls blood glucose levels?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Insulin
explanation: Insulin is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose by converting glucose to glycogen.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Adrenaline", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Insulin", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Oestrogen", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Thyroxine", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-ORGA-Q-002
question_text: What type of variation is controlled only by genes?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Discontinuous
explanation: Discontinuous variation (like blood type) is controlled by genes only, with distinct categories.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Continuous", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Discontinuous", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Environmental", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Acquired", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-ATOM-Q-002
question_text: What type of bonding occurs in sodium chloride (NaCl)?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Ionic
explanation: Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals through electron transfer.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Covalent", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Ionic", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Metallic", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Hydrogen", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-ENER-Q-003
question_text: What is the unit of power?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Watt
explanation: Power is measured in Watts (W). 1 W = 1 J/s
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Joule", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Newton", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Watt", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Volt", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-ELEC-Q-002
question_text: What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as temperature increases?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Decreases
explanation: A thermistor has negative temperature coefficient - resistance decreases as temperature increases.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Increases", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Decreases", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Stays the same", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Doubles", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-WAVE-Q-001
question_text: What is the unit of frequency?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: Hertz
explanation: Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), which is cycles per second.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "Metres", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Hertz", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "Seconds", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "Watts", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-SPAN-VOCA-Q-001
question_text: What does "el colegio" mean?
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: The school
explanation: "El colegio" means school. "College" would be "la universidad".
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "The college", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "The school", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "The colleague", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "The church", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-SPAN-GRAM-Q-004
question_text: Choose the correct article: "___ agua" (the water)
question_type: multiple_choice
correct_answer: el
explanation: Agua is feminine but uses "el" because it starts with a stressed "a".
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:01:35
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:12
options:
  [{"text": "la", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "el", "isCorrect": true}, {"text": "los", "isCorrect": false}, {"text": "las", "isCorrect": false}]


unique_id: AQA-MATHS-2023-P1-Q12
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 14π cm
explanation: Circumference = πd = π × 14 = 14π cm
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  A circle has diameter 14 cm. Work out the circumference of the circle. Give your answer in terms of π.


unique_id: AQA-MATHS-2023-P2-Q16
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 7/12
explanation: Total = 12. Not green = 4 + 3 = 7. P(not green) = 7/12
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  A bag contains 4 red, 3 blue and 5 green counters. One counter is taken at random. What is the probability it is not green?


unique_id: AQA-MATHS-2023-P2-Q18
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 22.6° (1 d.p.)
explanation: sin θ = 5/13, θ = sin⁻¹(5/13) = 22.62...° ≈ 22.6°
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the angle θ is 5cm and the hypotenuse is 13cm. Calculate angle θ.


unique_id: AQA-MATHS-2023-P2-Q19
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 70.5° (1 d.p.)
explanation: cos θ = 2/6 = 1/3, θ = cos⁻¹(1/3) = 70.53...° ≈ 70.5°
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  A ladder 6m long leans against a vertical wall. The foot of the ladder is 2m from the base of the wall. Calculate the angle the ladder makes with the ground.


unique_id: AQA-SCI-2023-biology-1h-Q1.2
question_text: A plant cell was placed in a concentrated sugar solution. Describe what would happen to the cell.
question_type: short_answer
explanation: The sugar solution has lower water potential, so water moves out by osmosis.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:55:41
correct_answer:
  Water moves out of the cell by osmosis. The cell becomes plasmolysed (cell membrane pulls away from cell wall).


unique_id: AQA-SCI-2023-biology-1h-Q3.1
question_text: Describe how white blood cells help to defend the body against pathogens.
question_type: long_answer
explanation: White blood cells have multiple defence mechanisms.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:55:41
correct_answer:
  Phagocytosis: engulf and digest pathogens. Produce antibodies: lock onto antigens and destroy pathogens. Produce antitoxins: neutralise toxins.


unique_id: AQA-SCI-2023-chemistry-1h-Q2.1
question_text: Explain, in terms of electrons, what happens when sodium reacts with chlorine.
question_type: long_answer
explanation: Ionic bonding involves transfer of electrons.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:55:41
correct_answer:
  Sodium loses one electron to form Na⁺. Chlorine gains one electron to form Cl⁻. The ions are attracted by electrostatic forces.


unique_id: AQA-SCI-2023-physics-1h-Q3.1
question_text: Describe the energy transfers when a ball is thrown upwards.
question_type: long_answer
explanation: Energy is conserved - it transfers between stores.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:12:52
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:55:41
correct_answer:
  Kinetic energy is transferred to gravitational potential energy as the ball rises. At the top, all KE has been converted to GPE.


unique_id: AQA-MATHEMATICS-2023-P1-Q5
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 100°
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:35:51
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:01:26
question_text:
  ABC, BD and BE are straight lines. angle EBD = 5 × angle ABE, angle DBC = 3 × angle ABE. Work out the size of angle EBD.

explanation:
  Let angle ABE = x. Then EBD = 5x, DBC = 3x. Angles on a straight line: x + 5x + 3x = 180°. So 9x = 180°, x = 20°. Angle EBD = 5 × 20° = 100°.


unique_id: AQA-MATHEMATICS-2023-P1-Q6
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: £77
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:35:51
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:01:26
question_text:
  Andrew and Bruce share money in ratio 5:6. Bruce gets £96. Andrew gives 2/3 of his share to Carl. Bruce gives 1/4 of his share to Carl. How much does Carl receive?

explanation:
  Bruce gets £96 at ratio 6, so 1 share = £16. Andrew gets 5 shares = £80. Carl gets 2/3 of £80 + 1/4 of £96 = £53.33 + £24 = £77.33. (Accept £77)


unique_id: AQA-MATHEMATICS-2023-P1-Q12
question_text: b × 10^n is 7200 in standard form. Work out b × 10^(-n) as an ordinary number.
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 0.00138...
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:35:51
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:01:26
explanation:
  7200 = 7.2 × 10³, so b = 7.2, n = 3. b × 10^(-n) = 7.2 × 10^(-3) = 0.0072. Or: b × 10^n × b × 10^(-n) = b², so answer = b²/7200.


unique_id: AQA-MATHEMATICS-2023-P1-Q20
question_text: Work out how many 5-digit odd numbers can be made using digits 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 once each.
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 48
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:35:51
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:01:26
explanation:
  Odd numbers end in 7 or 9 (2 choices). Remaining 4 positions: 4! = 24 arrangements. Total = 2 × 24 = 48


unique_id: AQA-MATHEMATICS-2023-P2-Q2
question_text: Triangular numbers: 1, 6, 10, 15, 21. Write down the next triangular number.
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 28
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:36:02
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
explanation:
  Triangular numbers: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28... Each increases by 1 more than previous gap. 21 + 7 = 28


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-001
question_text: In Macbeth, what does Lady Macbeth mean when she says "unsex me here"?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  She wants to be stripped of feminine qualities like compassion and weakness so she can commit murder

explanation:
  Lady Macbeth calls on evil spirits to remove her feminine nature, which she associates with kindness and weakness, so she can be ruthless enough to help kill Duncan.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-002
question_text: What is the significance of the "dagger speech" (Is this a dagger which I see before me)?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: It shows Macbeth's mental instability and guilt as he hallucinates before killing Duncan
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  The floating dagger represents Macbeth's disturbed mind and foreshadows the murder. It shows his conscience and inner conflict.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-003
question_text: How does Shakespeare present the witches as supernatural in Macbeth?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Through their chanting in rhyming couplets, predictions, and ability to vanish
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  The witches speak differently (in trochaic tetrameter), make accurate prophecies, and disappear into thin air - all suggesting supernatural powers.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-004
question_text: What does "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" suggest about the themes of Macbeth?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: It introduces the theme of appearance vs reality and moral confusion
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  This paradox suggests that nothing is as it seems - good can be evil and evil can seem good. It foreshadows the deception throughout the play.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-005
question_text: How does Macbeth's character change from the beginning to the end of the play?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: He transforms from a brave, loyal warrior to a tyrannical murderer consumed by guilt and paranoia
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Initially a heroic soldier, Macbeth becomes corrupted by ambition. He descends into tyranny, killing friends and innocents, and ultimately becomes isolated and fatalistic.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-001
question_text: What social issues was Dickens highlighting through the character of Scrooge?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Victorian attitudes to poverty - the rich ignoring the poor and lack of charity
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Scrooge represents wealthy Victorians who believed the poor were lazy. His transformation shows Dickens' message that the rich should help the poor.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-002
question_text: How does Dickens present the Cratchit family?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: As loving, grateful, and dignified despite their poverty
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Despite having little, the Cratchits are happy and appreciative. Dickens shows the "deserving poor" who work hard but struggle due to low wages.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-003
question_text: What is the purpose of Tiny Tim in A Christmas Carol?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: To represent innocent victims of poverty and evoke sympathy/guilt in readers and Scrooge
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Tiny Tim shows how poverty affects children. His potential death without help demonstrates the consequences of society's indifference.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-004
question_text: How does Dickens use the structure of A Christmas Carol to convey his message?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  The five staves mirror a carol structure, with past/present/future ghosts showing consequences of choices

explanation:
  The novella is structured like a song (staves = verses). Each ghost teaches Scrooge a lesson, building to his redemption at the climax.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-001
question_text: In "Ozymandias", what does the ruined statue symbolise?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: The temporary nature of power and how even the greatest rulers are forgotten
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  The broken statue of the once-mighty Ozymandias, surrounded by empty desert, shows that human power is insignificant against time.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-002
question_text: How does Wilfred Owen present the reality of war in "Exposure"?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  Through describing the suffering from cold and waiting rather than battle, showing war's mental toll

explanation:
  Owen focuses on soldiers dying from weather, not fighting. Repeated "But nothing happens" emphasises the futility and psychological damage of war.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-003
question_text: What is the effect of the dramatic monologue form in "My Last Duchess"?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: It reveals the Duke's controlling, jealous nature through his own words without him realising
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  The Duke condemns himself as he speaks - we see his possessiveness and implied murder while he thinks he's reasonable.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-001
question_text: What causes tectonic plates to move?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Convection currents in the mantle
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Heat from the core causes magma in the mantle to rise, cool, and sink, creating circular convection currents that drag tectonic plates.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-002
question_text: What is the difference between the focus and epicentre of an earthquake?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  Focus is the point underground where the earthquake originates; epicentre is the point on the surface directly above it

explanation:
  The focus is where the rock actually breaks and releases energy. The epicentre is the location on the surface directly above the focus.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-003
question_text: Why do earthquakes at conservative plate margins often cause significant damage?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  The plates get stuck and pressure builds up, releasing suddenly in powerful quakes; often occur near cities like California

explanation:
  At conservative margins, plates slide past each other but friction causes them to stick. When they finally slip, energy is released violently.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-004
question_text: Explain how tropical storms form.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  Warm ocean water (27°C+) heats air, causing rapid evaporation; rising moist air creates low pressure; Coriolis effect causes spinning

explanation:
  Tropical storms need warm ocean (27°C+), 5° from equator for Coriolis effect, and atmospheric instability. Warm air rises, cools, condenses, releasing latent heat which powers the storm.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-005
question_text: How might climate change affect tropical storms in the future?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Warmer oceans may lead to more frequent and intense storms, and storms may occur in new areas
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Rising sea temperatures provide more energy for storms. Storm-prone zones may shift, and hurricanes could become stronger (category 4-5 more common).


unique_id: AQA-GEO-LW-001
question_text: What is a food web?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: A diagram showing interconnected food chains and the complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Unlike a simple food chain, a food web shows how organisms can eat multiple food sources and be eaten by multiple predators.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-LW-002
question_text: Why are tropical rainforests so biodiverse?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Constant warmth, high rainfall, and sunlight all year provide ideal conditions for many species
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  The stable climate (no seasons), abundant water, and energy from sunlight allow millions of species to thrive in different niches.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-LW-003
question_text: Describe two ways plants adapt to hot desert environments.
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Deep/wide roots to find water; thick waxy skin/spines to reduce water loss; store water in stems
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Desert plants like cacti have adaptations to find, store, and conserve water. Spines reduce surface area and protect from animals.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-UI-001
question_text: What is urbanisation?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas (towns and cities)
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  Urbanisation is driven by rural-urban migration and natural increase. It's happening fastest in LICs and NEEs.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-UI-002
question_text: What are the push and pull factors of rural-urban migration?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  Push: lack of jobs/services, natural disasters, poor farming. Pull: better jobs, education, healthcare, entertainment

explanation:
  People leave rural areas due to poverty and lack of opportunity, attracted to cities by perceived better quality of life.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-UI-003
question_text: What problems are caused by rapid urbanisation in LICs?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
correct_answer:
  Squatter settlements, lack of clean water/sanitation, traffic congestion, air pollution, unemployment

explanation:
  Cities grow faster than infrastructure can cope. Informal settlements (slums) develop without proper services, causing health and social problems.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-001
question_text: What is a nuclear family?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: A family consisting of two parents and their dependent children living together
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:45
explanation:
  The nuclear family is considered the "traditional" family type in Western societies - two generations living in one household.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-002
question_text: What is the difference between the functionalist and feminist view of the family?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Functionalists see family as positive (socialisation, stabilisation). Feminists see it as oppressing women through unpaid domestic labour

explanation:
  Parsons (functionalist) argued family serves essential functions. Feminists like Oakley highlight how family benefits men while women do unpaid housework.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-003
question_text: Identify two reasons for the increase in divorce since 1969.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Changes in law (easier divorce), reduced stigma, women's independence, higher expectations of marriage

explanation:
  Legal changes, secularisation (less religious pressure to stay married), and women's economic independence have all contributed.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-004
question_text: What is meant by the "symmetrical family"?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: A family where domestic tasks and decision-making are shared equally between husband and wife
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Young and Willmott suggested families were becoming more equal. However, feminists argue women still do a "dual burden" of work and housework.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-001
question_text: What is cultural capital and how does it affect educational achievement?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Knowledge, attitudes, and values passed on by middle-class parents that give their children advantages in education

explanation:
  Bourdieu argued middle-class children have cultural capital (books, museums, language) that matches school culture, giving them an advantage.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-002
question_text: What is the hidden curriculum?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  The informal lessons learned in school about norms, values, and behaviour that are not part of the official curriculum

explanation:
  Schools teach obedience, punctuality, and hierarchy through routines and rules - preparing students for work according to Marxists.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-003
question_text: Explain how material deprivation affects working-class educational achievement.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Lack of money for books/tutors/computers, cramped housing, part-time work, poor diet affecting concentration

explanation:
  Poverty means less educational resources at home, worse housing conditions, and students may need to work, leaving less time for study.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-RM-001
question_text: What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Quantitative is numerical data (statistics). Qualitative is descriptive data (words, meanings, feelings)

explanation:
  Quantitative data can be measured and compared. Qualitative data provides depth and understanding but is harder to generalise.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-RM-002
question_text: What are the advantages of using questionnaires in sociological research?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Quick, cheap, can reach many people, easy to quantify, replicable, no interviewer bias
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Questionnaires are practical for large samples and produce reliable data. However, response rates can be low and questions may be misunderstood.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-RM-003
question_text: What is meant by "validity" in sociological research?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Whether the research measures what it claims to measure - whether findings are a true picture of reality

explanation:
  Valid research accurately reflects real life. Methods like participant observation often have high validity as they study people in natural settings.


unique_id: AQA-PE-ANAT-001
question_text: Name the four components of blood and give one function of each.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Red blood cells (carry oxygen), White blood cells (fight infection), Platelets (clot blood), Plasma (transport nutrients)

explanation:
  Blood carries oxygen to muscles, fights disease, seals wounds, and transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products.


unique_id: AQA-PE-ANAT-002
question_text: What is the pathway of air from the mouth to the alveoli?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Mouth/nose → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Air enters through mouth/nose, passes through the windpipe (trachea), splits into bronchi, then smaller bronchioles, reaching tiny air sacs (alveoli) where gas exchange occurs.


unique_id: AQA-PE-ANAT-003
question_text: Explain what happens during gas exchange at the alveoli.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into blood capillaries; carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into alveoli to be exhaled

explanation:
  Gas exchange occurs by diffusion due to concentration gradients. Thin alveoli walls and large surface area maximise efficiency.


unique_id: AQA-PE-ANAT-004
question_text: What type of joint is the knee and what movements can it perform?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Hinge joint; allows flexion and extension
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Hinge joints like the knee and elbow only move in one plane - bending (flexion) and straightening (extension).


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-001
question_text: Define aerobic and anaerobic exercise with an example of each.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Aerobic: with oxygen, lower intensity, sustainable (jogging). Anaerobic: without oxygen, high intensity, short duration (sprinting)

explanation:
  Aerobic uses oxygen to produce energy for long periods. Anaerobic doesn't need oxygen but produces lactic acid and can't last long.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-002
question_text: What does FITT stand for in training principles?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  FITT helps plan training: how often (frequency), how hard (intensity), how long (time), and what kind of exercise (type).


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-003
question_text: Explain the principle of progressive overload.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Gradually increasing training demands over time to continue improving fitness - the body adapts so must be challenged more

explanation:
  If training stays the same, the body adapts and stops improving. Gradually increasing weight, distance, or intensity ensures continued progress.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PSY-001
question_text: What is intrinsic motivation? Give an example.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Motivation from within - personal satisfaction, enjoyment, sense of achievement. E.g., playing sport because you enjoy it

explanation:
  Intrinsic motivation comes from internal feelings of enjoyment or accomplishment, not external rewards like money or trophies.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PSY-002
question_text: Describe two methods a performer could use to control anxiety.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Deep breathing, mental rehearsal/visualisation, positive self-talk, listening to music, physical relaxation techniques

explanation:
  Controlling anxiety improves performance. Techniques include breathing exercises to lower heart rate and visualising successful performance.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PSY-003
question_text: What is the difference between direct and indirect aggression in sport?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Direct: physical contact with opponent (tackle). Indirect: aggression towards object (hitting ball hard)

explanation:
  Direct aggression involves contact with another person. Indirect channels aggression into hitting equipment, not people.


unique_id: AQA-PE-HF-001
question_text: What is the difference between health and fitness?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
correct_answer:
  Health: state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. Fitness: ability to meet demands of the environment

explanation:
  Health is broader than just "not being ill". Fitness is specific to physical capability and can be measured through tests.


unique_id: AQA-PE-HF-002
question_text: Name the five components of health-related fitness.
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, body composition
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  These are the fitness components that affect overall health, different from skill-related components like agility and coordination.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLANG-TECH-004
question_text: What is the effect of short sentences in writing?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Creates tension, urgency, impact, or emphasises a point
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Short sentences slow down reading and draw attention. Often used at dramatic moments or to shock the reader.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLANG-TECH-005
question_text: What is a rhetorical question and why might a writer use it?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: A question not expecting an answer; used to make readers think or agree with a point
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Rhetorical questions engage the reader and make them consider the writer's perspective. Often used in persuasive writing.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLANG-TECH-006
question_text: What is the "rule of three"?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Using three words, phrases, or ideas together for emphasis and rhythm
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Lists of three are memorable and satisfying. Example: "Blood, sweat, and tears" or "Government of the people, by the people, for the people."


unique_id: AQA-ENGLANG-FORM-001
question_text: In Paper 2 Question 5, what are the three possible text types you might be asked to write?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Letter, article, speech, or essay
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Each has different conventions: letters need addresses/sign-off, articles need headlines, speeches need direct address.


unique_id: AQA-SPANISH-GRAM-001
question_text: What is the preterite tense used for?
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Completed actions in the past with a definite time
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  Preterite is for finished past actions: "Yesterday I ate pizza" (Ayer comí pizza). Definite start/end.


unique_id: AQA-SPANISH-TRANS-003
question_text: Translate: "In my opinion, social media is dangerous"
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: En mi opinión, las redes sociales son peligrosas
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:49:46
explanation:
  "Redes sociales" is feminine plural, so "peligrosas" agrees. Opinion phrases are useful for writing.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-CELL-001
question_text: Describe the process of mitosis and explain why it is important for growth.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["DNA", "replicates", "chromosomes", "identical", "daughter cells", "growth"]
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells. DNA replicates, chromosomes line up, separate, and move to opposite ends. Important for growth, repair and asexual reproduction.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "DNA replicates/copies itself"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Chromosomes line up at centre/equator"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Chromosomes separate/split"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Move to opposite poles/ends"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Two identical daughter cells produced"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "For growth/repair/replacement of cells/asexual reproduction"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-CELL-002
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["surface area", "mitochondria", "active transport"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  Explain how the structure of a root hair cell is adapted for the absorption of water and mineral ions.

correct_answer:
  Long extension increases surface area for absorption. Thin cell wall allows faster movement. Many mitochondria provide energy for active transport of mineral ions.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Long/hair-like extension/projection"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Increases surface area"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Many mitochondria"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "For active transport/provides ATP/energy"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-CELL-003
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: (2.1 - 2.5) / 2.5 × 100 = -16%
keywords: ["-16", "percentage"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  A student investigated osmosis using potato cylinders. The initial mass was 2.5g. After being placed in a concentrated sugar solution for 30 minutes, the final mass was 2.1g. Calculate the percentage change in mass.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Correct calculation method shown"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "-16% (allow -16 without % sign)"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-ORG-001
question_text: Describe how the lungs are adapted for efficient gas exchange.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["surface area", "thin", "blood supply", "diffusion"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Alveoli provide large surface area. Thin walls (one cell thick) give short diffusion distance. Good blood supply maintains concentration gradient. Moist surface for gases to dissolve.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Large surface area (from alveoli)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Thin walls/one cell thick/short diffusion distance"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Good blood supply/many capillaries"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Maintains concentration/diffusion gradient"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-ORG-002
question_text: Explain why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["whole body", "pressure", "force"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Left ventricle pumps blood to the whole body/systemic circulation, which requires more pressure. Right ventricle only pumps to lungs which are nearby.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Left pumps to whole body/further distance"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Needs more force/pressure/stronger contraction"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-BIO-001
question_text: Write the word equation for aerobic respiration and state where in the cell it takes place.
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water (+ Energy). Takes place in mitochondria.
keywords: ["glucose", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "water", "mitochondria"]
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Glucose + Oxygen"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Carbon dioxide + Water (+ Energy)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Mitochondria"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-BIO-002
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["energy", "limiting factor"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  Explain why a plant's rate of photosynthesis increases as light intensity increases, up to a certain point.

correct_answer:
  More light means more energy for photosynthesis. Rate increases proportionally. Eventually another factor becomes limiting (CO2 or temperature).

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "More light provides more energy"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Rate increases/proportional increase"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Another factor becomes limiting (CO2/temperature)"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-HOM-001
question_text: Describe the pathway of a reflex arc when touching a hot object.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["receptor", "sensory neurone", "relay neurone", "motor neurone", "effector"]
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Stimulus detected by receptor (temperature receptor in skin). Impulse travels along sensory neurone to spinal cord. Relay neurone in spinal cord. Impulse travels along motor neurone to effector (muscle). Response: muscle contracts, hand moves away.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Stimulus detected by receptor"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Sensory neurone carries impulse"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "To spinal cord/CNS"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Relay neurone passes signal"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Motor neurone carries impulse to effector"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Muscle contracts/hand withdraws"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-HOM-002
question_text: Explain how the body responds when blood glucose levels are too high.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["insulin", "pancreas", "glycogen", "liver"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Pancreas detects high blood glucose. Pancreas releases insulin. Insulin causes liver and muscle cells to take up glucose. Glucose converted to glycogen for storage. Blood glucose level decreases.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Pancreas releases/secretes insulin"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Cells take up/absorb glucose (liver/muscle)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Glucose converted to glycogen"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Blood glucose level falls/decreases"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-INH-001
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Punnett square: FF, Ff, Ff, ff. Probability = 1 in 4 or 25% chance of having cystic fibrosis (ff).
keywords: ["25%", "1 in 4", "ff"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele (f). Two parents who are both carriers (Ff) have a child. Draw a Punnett square and calculate the probability of the child having cystic fibrosis.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Correct Punnett square drawn"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Correct gametes (F and f from each parent)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Correct offspring genotypes (FF, Ff, Ff, ff)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "1 in 4 / 25% / 0.25 probability"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-INH-002
question_text: Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["variation", "survive", "reproduce", "alleles", "offspring"]
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Variation exists within a population. Some individuals have characteristics better suited to the environment. These individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce. They pass on their alleles to offspring. Over time, beneficial alleles become more common.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Variation exists in population"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Some better adapted/suited to environment"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "More likely to survive"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "More likely to reproduce"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Pass on alleles/genes to offspring"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Beneficial characteristics become more common over generations"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-ECO-001
question_text: Describe how you would use a quadrat to estimate the population of daisies in a field.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["random", "count", "repeat", "mean", "area"]
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Place quadrat randomly in field. Count number of daisies in quadrat. Repeat in multiple locations (at least 10). Calculate mean per quadrat. Calculate area of field. Scale up to estimate total population.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Place quadrat randomly"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Count organisms in quadrat"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Repeat multiple times/in different locations"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Calculate mean/average"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Calculate/measure area of field"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Scale up/multiply to find total population"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-ATOM-001
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: 11 electrons. Arranged in shells: 2 in first shell, 8 in second shell, 1 in third shell (2,8,1).
keywords: ["11", "2,8,1", "shells"]
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  An atom of sodium has 11 protons. State the number of electrons in a sodium atom and explain how the electrons are arranged.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "11 electrons"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "2 in first shell"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "8 in second shell, 1 in third (or 2,8,1)"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-ATOM-002
question_text: Explain why elements in Group 1 of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["one electron", "outer shell", "lose"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  They all have one electron in their outer shell. They all react by losing this one electron. This gives them similar reactivity.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Same number of electrons in outer shell"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "One electron in outer shell"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "React by losing this electron"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-BOND-001
question_text: Explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["ionic", "electrostatic", "strong"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Sodium chloride has ionic bonding. Strong electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions. Large amount of energy needed to overcome these forces.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Ionic bonding/compound"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Strong electrostatic attraction/forces of attraction"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Between positive and negative ions/oppositely charged ions"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-BOND-002
question_text: Describe the structure and bonding in diamond and explain why it is hard.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["giant", "covalent", "four", "strong"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Giant covalent structure. Each carbon atom bonded to four others. Strong covalent bonds throughout. Hard because many strong bonds need breaking.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Giant covalent structure"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Each carbon bonded to four other carbons"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Strong covalent bonds"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Many bonds to break/lots of energy needed"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-CHANGE-002
question_text: Describe a test to identify the presence of chloride ions in a solution.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["nitric acid", "silver nitrate", "white precipitate"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution. White precipitate forms if chloride ions present.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Add nitric acid"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Add silver nitrate"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "White precipitate"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-CHANGE-003
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["more reactive", "less reactive", "displace"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  Using the reactivity series, explain why zinc can displace copper from copper sulfate solution but silver cannot.

correct_answer:
  Zinc is more reactive than copper so can displace it. Silver is less reactive than copper so cannot displace it. More reactive metals displace less reactive metals from compounds.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Zinc more reactive than copper"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Silver less reactive than copper"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "More reactive displaces less reactive"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-RATE-001
question_text: Explain how increasing temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["energy", "faster", "collisions", "activation energy"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Particles have more kinetic energy. Particles move faster. More frequent collisions. More collisions have energy greater than activation energy. More successful collisions per second.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Particles have more energy/move faster"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "More frequent collisions"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "More particles exceed activation energy"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "More successful collisions"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-ENERGY-001
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: KE = ½ × 1200 × 15² = ½ × 1200 × 225 = 135,000 J (or 135 kJ)
keywords: ["135000", "135"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  A car of mass 1200 kg is travelling at 15 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy. Use the equation: KE = ½ × m × v²

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Correct substitution into formula"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Correct calculation of v² = 225"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "135,000 J or 135 kJ"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-ENERGY-002
question_text: Describe the energy transfers that occur when a ball is dropped and bounces.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["gravitational potential", "kinetic", "thermal", "sound"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Gravitational potential energy transfers to kinetic energy as ball falls. On impact, some energy transfers to thermal/sound. Kinetic transfers back to gravitational potential as ball rises.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "GPE to kinetic as falls"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Some to thermal/heat on impact"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Some to sound"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Kinetic to GPE as rises"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-ELEC-001
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Energy = Power × Time = 2500 × 180 = 450,000 J (or 450 kJ)
keywords: ["450000", "450"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  A kettle has a power rating of 2.5 kW. Calculate the energy transferred in 3 minutes. Give your answer in joules.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Convert kW to W: 2500"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Convert minutes to seconds: 180"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Correct formula E = Pt"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "450,000 J or 450 kJ"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-ELEC-002
question_text: Explain why adding more resistors in series increases the total resistance of a circuit.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["current", "opposes", "flow"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Current must pass through all resistors. Each resistor opposes the flow of current. More resistors means more opposition to current flow.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Current flows through each resistor/same current"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Each resistor opposes/resists current"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-FORCES-002
question_text: Explain why a car reaches terminal velocity when falling through the air.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["weight", "air resistance", "equal", "zero"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Initially weight is greater than air resistance so car accelerates. As speed increases, air resistance increases. Eventually air resistance equals weight. Resultant force is zero so no more acceleration.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Weight greater than air resistance initially"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Air resistance increases with speed"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Air resistance equals weight"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Resultant force zero/no acceleration"}]


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-WAVES-002
question_text: Explain the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves, giving an example of each.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["perpendicular", "parallel", "light", "sound"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Transverse: oscillations perpendicular to direction of energy transfer (e.g., light, water waves). Longitudinal: oscillations parallel to direction of energy transfer (e.g., sound).

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Transverse - perpendicular/at right angles"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Example of transverse (light/water/EM)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Longitudinal - parallel/same direction"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Example of longitudinal (sound)"}]


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-006
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["named example", "poor", "wealthy", "different"]
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
question_text:
  Using a named example of a tectonic hazard, explain how the effects were different for different groups of people.

correct_answer:
  Example: Haiti 2010 earthquake. Poor people in slums suffered most - poorly built houses collapsed. Wealthy areas had better construction. International response helped but corruption affected aid distribution. Rural areas cut off from help.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Named example (place and date)"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Effect on poor/vulnerable groups"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Effect on wealthy/different group"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Explanation of why effects differed"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Second developed point about difference"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Conclusion/overall comparison"}]


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-007
question_text: Describe the global distribution of earthquakes.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["plate boundaries", "Pacific", "Ring of Fire"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. Most along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Also along mid-Atlantic ridge. Clustered where plates meet (convergent, divergent, conservative). Some intraplate earthquakes but rare.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Along plate boundaries"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Pacific Ring of Fire/named area"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Different types of boundaries"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Specific example or elaboration"}]


unique_id: AQA-GEO-UI-004
question_text: Explain how urban greening can help make cities more sustainable.
question_type: short_answer
keywords: ["carbon", "heat island", "flood", "biodiversity"]
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
updated_at: 2026-02-05 20:58:18
correct_answer:
  Trees absorb CO2 reducing carbon emissions. Green spaces reduce urban heat island effect. Parks encourage exercise improving health. Green roofs reduce surface runoff and flood risk. Biodiversity increases. Air quality improves as plants filter pollutants.

marking_criteria:
  [{"marks": 1, "point": "Absorbs carbon dioxide/pollution"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Reduces urban heat island effect"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Health benefits/recreation"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Reduces flood risk/surface runoff"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Increases biodiversity"}, {"marks": 1, "point": "Improves air quality"}]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLANG-P2-003
question_text: What does AFOREST stand for in persuasive writing?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Alliteration, Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical questions, Emotive language, Statistics, Triplets (rule of three)


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-006
question_text: What does the blood imagery symbolise in Macbeth?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Guilt, violence, and the consequences of murder. Blood cannot be washed away, representing permanent guilt.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-007
question_text: How is Lady Macbeth presented in Act 1?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  As ambitious, manipulative, and ruthless. She questions Macbeth's masculinity and calls on evil spirits.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-010
question_text: What is the Great Chain of Being and how does Macbeth disrupt it?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  The belief that God ordered society with the king at the top. Killing Duncan disrupts divine order, causing chaos in nature.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-011
question_text: How does Shakespeare present Macbeth as a tragic hero?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  He starts noble but has a fatal flaw (ambition). He falls from grace, recognises his mistakes, and dies.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-012
question_text: What role does Macduff play in the play?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  He represents loyalty and justice. He discovers Duncan's murder, flees to England, and ultimately kills Macbeth.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-005
question_text: How does Dickens present Scrooge at the beginning of the novella?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  As cold, miserly, isolated. Uses cold imagery: "hard and sharp as flint". Rejects charity and Christmas.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-006
question_text: What is the significance of the Ghost of Christmas Past?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Shows Scrooge his happier past before greed consumed him. Reminds him of lost love (Belle) and humanity.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-007
question_text: What does Ignorance and Want represent?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Children hidden under Ghost of Christmas Present's robe. Represent society's neglected poor and the dangers of ignoring poverty.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-008
question_text: How has Scrooge changed by the end of the novella?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Transformed into a generous, joyful man. Raises Bob's salary, buys turkey for Cratchits, donates to charity.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-009
question_text: What was Dickens' purpose in writing A Christmas Carol?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  To highlight Victorian poverty, criticise the rich ignoring the poor, and encourage charity and social responsibility.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-ACC-010
question_text: What does Marley's chain symbolise?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  The chains of greed and selfishness that bind him in death, forged by his actions in life. Warning to Scrooge.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-004
question_text: In "London", what does Blake criticise?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  The corruption of institutions (church, monarchy), child labour, poverty, and loss of freedom in the city.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-005
question_text: What is the message of "The Charge of the Light Brigade"?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Honours soldiers' bravery and obedience despite military blunder. Criticises incompetent leadership.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-006
question_text: How does "Remains" present the psychological effects of war?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Soldier haunted by killing a looter who "possibly" had a weapon. PTSD, guilt, unable to escape the memory.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-007
question_text: What is the tone of "War Photographer"?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  Detached and sad. Criticises public indifference to suffering. Photographer struggles with memories of war.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-008
question_text: How does "Storm on the Island" use nature to explore power?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  The storm represents threatening power. Community seems prepared but is ultimately powerless against nature.


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-POETRY-009
question_text: What is the significance of "Poppies"?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:45
correct_answer:
  A mother's perspective on son leaving for war. Explores loss, memory, and grief. Domestic imagery contrasts with war.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-009
question_text: What happens at a convergent plate boundary?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Plates move together. Oceanic plate subducts under continental, creating trenches, volcanoes, and earthquakes.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-010
question_text: What happens at a divergent plate boundary?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Plates move apart. Magma rises to fill gap, creating new crust, mid-ocean ridges, and volcanic activity.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-011
question_text: Why do HICs usually have fewer deaths from earthquakes than LICs?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Better building regulations, earthquake-proof buildings, better emergency services, early warning systems, more resources for preparation.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-NH-013
question_text: What are the secondary effects of a volcanic eruption?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Crop failure, water contamination, respiratory diseases, economic losses, homelessness, disruption to transport.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-LW-008
question_text: What is deforestation and why is it a problem?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Clearing of forests. Causes loss of biodiversity, climate change (CO2 released), soil erosion, loss of indigenous communities.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-LW-009
question_text: What is desertification?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  The process by which fertile land becomes desert, often due to drought, deforestation, or overgrazing.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-UI-009
question_text: What are the features of a squatter settlement?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Illegal housing, poor building materials, lack of services (water, electricity, sanitation), overcrowding, often on steep slopes or flood-prone areas.


unique_id: AQA-GEO-PL-004
question_text: How is a waterfall formed?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  River flows over hard rock onto softer rock. Soft rock erodes faster creating a step. Undercutting forms overhang. Overhang collapses. Waterfall retreats upstream forming gorge.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-005
question_text: What is an extended family?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A family that includes relatives beyond the nuclear family (grandparents, aunts, uncles) living together or nearby.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-006
question_text: What is a reconstituted family?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A stepfamily formed when two people marry/cohabit and one or both have children from previous relationships.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-007
question_text: What is a beanpole family?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A family that is vertically extended (many generations) but narrow (few siblings due to low birth rates).


unique_id: AQA-SOC-FAM-008
question_text: What does Parsons mean by the "warm bath theory"?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  The family provides emotional support and stress relief from work. The home is a haven from the outside world.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-005
question_text: What is labelling in education?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  When teachers attach a definition or meaning to a pupil (e.g., "bright" or "troublemaker") which affects how they are treated.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-006
question_text: What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  When a label leads to it becoming true. A pupil labelled "bright" gains confidence and achieves more.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-007
question_text: What is setting and streaming?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Setting: grouping by ability in individual subjects. Streaming: placing in an ability group for all subjects.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-EDU-008
question_text: How does speech code affect education (Bernstein)?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Working-class use restricted code (context-bound). Middle-class use elaborated code (matches school language). This disadvantages working-class pupils.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-CD-001
question_text: What is the difference between crime and deviance?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Crime: behaviour that breaks the law. Deviance: behaviour that breaks social norms (not necessarily illegal).


unique_id: AQA-SOC-CD-002
question_text: What is white-collar crime?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Crimes committed by middle-class individuals in their professional jobs, e.g., fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-CD-003
question_text: What is the dark figure of crime?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Crimes that are not recorded in official statistics because they are unreported or unrecorded by police.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-CD-005
question_text: What is a victim survey?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A survey asking people if they have been victims of crime, e.g., Crime Survey for England and Wales. Reveals unreported crime.


unique_id: AQA-SOC-RM-004
question_text: What is a hypothesis?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A testable prediction about the relationship between variables that research aims to prove or disprove.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-004
question_text: What is interval training?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Periods of high-intensity work followed by rest or low-intensity periods. Good for improving both aerobic and anaerobic fitness.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-005
question_text: What is continuous training?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Exercising at a steady pace for at least 20 minutes without rest. Improves cardiovascular endurance.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-006
question_text: What is fartlek training?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Speed play - varying pace and terrain during continuous exercise. Combines aerobic and anaerobic training.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-007
question_text: What is circuit training?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A series of exercises performed at stations with brief rest between. Can target different components of fitness.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-008
question_text: What is plyometric training?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Explosive exercises involving rapid stretching and contracting of muscles, e.g., jumping. Develops power.


unique_id: AQA-PE-PT-010
question_text: What does the principle of specificity mean?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Training must be relevant to the sport/activity. You must train the specific muscles and energy systems used.


unique_id: AQA-PE-SC-003
question_text: Give two reasons why people participate in sport.
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Health/fitness, enjoyment, socialising, competition, stress relief, improve skills, weight management.


unique_id: AQA-PE-SC-004
question_text: What is a barrier to participation in sport?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Cost, lack of facilities, time, disability, lack of role models, cultural barriers, gender discrimination.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-CELL-007
question_text: What is the difference between diffusion and active transport?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Diffusion is passive (high to low concentration, no energy). Active transport uses energy to move against concentration gradient.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-ORG-005
question_text: What is the function of bile?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Emulsifies fats (breaks into smaller droplets). Neutralises stomach acid. Made in liver, stored in gall bladder.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-INF-001
question_text: How do antibodies work?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Specific to one pathogen. Lock onto antigens on pathogen surface. Mark them for destruction or neutralise toxins.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-INF-002
question_text: How do vaccines work?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Contain dead/weakened pathogen. Stimulates white blood cells to produce antibodies. Memory cells remain for faster future response.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-BIO-ECO-002
question_text: What is a trophic level?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  A stage in a food chain. Each level = one step in energy transfer (producers, primary consumers, etc.).


unique_id: AQA-COMB-CHEM-ORG-002
question_text: What is fractional distillation?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Separating crude oil into fractions based on boiling point. Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points.


unique_id: AQA-COMB-PHYS-ENERGY-004
question_text: What is efficiency and how is it calculated?
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:09:46
correct_answer:
  Efficiency = (useful output ÷ total input) × 100%. Measures how much energy is usefully transferred.


unique_id: AQA-MATHS-GEOM-TRIG-001
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 22.6° (or sin⁻¹(5/13))
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:10:25
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  Use trigonometry: In a right-angled triangle, the opposite side is 5cm and the hypotenuse is 13cm. Find angle θ.


unique_id: AQA-MATHS-GEOM-TRIG-002
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 9.83cm (12 × cos35°)
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:10:25
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  Calculate the length of the adjacent side in a right-angled triangle where the angle is 35° and the hypotenuse is 12cm


unique_id: INDIE-TREE-DEP-001
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 5/8 × 4/7 = 20/56 = 5/14
explanation: Without replacement: second probability changes. 5/8 × 4/7
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:19:29
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. Two balls are taken without replacement. What is P(both red)?


unique_id: INDIE-TREE-DEP-006
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 1 - P(both black) = 1 - (4/10 × 3/9) = 1 - 12/90 = 78/90 = 13/15
explanation: Easier to calculate 1 - P(no red) = 1 - P(BB)
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:19:29
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  A box has 6 red pens and 4 black pens. Sam takes 2 pens without replacement. Find P(at least one red).


unique_id: INDIE-HIST-006
question_text: Why are histograms used for continuous data with unequal class widths?
question_type: short_answer
explanation: Area = frequency, so visual comparison is fair
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:19:29
updated_at: 2026-02-05 21:19:29
correct_answer:
  Bar charts would be misleading - wider classes would appear more frequent. Histograms use area to represent frequency.


unique_id: EDEX-P2H-004
question_image: /storage/images/questions/mathematics/2024/img-003-003.png
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: 160π cm³
explanation: V = πr²h = π × 16 × 10 = 160π
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:27:50
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
question_text:
  Calculate the volume of a cylinder with radius 4 cm and height 10 cm. Give your answer in terms of π.


unique_id: AQA-IMG-BIO-CELL-001
question_text: The diagram shows an animal cell. Name the parts labelled A, B, and C.
question_image: /images/questions/combined-science/science-bio-2023-paper1h_page4_img1.png
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: A = Cell membrane, B = Cytoplasm, C = Nucleus
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
updated_at: 2026-02-05 23:09:05
explanation:
  Animal cells have: cell membrane (controls entry/exit), cytoplasm (where reactions happen), nucleus (contains DNA)


unique_id: AQA-IMG-PHYS-VT-001
question_image: /images/questions/combined-science/science-phys-2023-paper2h_page6_img1.png
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: The object is accelerating at a constant rate (straight line with positive gradient)
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
question_text:
  The graph shows velocity against time for a moving object. Describe the motion between points A and B.

explanation:
  A straight line on a velocity-time graph indicates constant acceleration. The gradient gives the acceleration.


unique_id: AQA-IMG-PE-RESP-001
question_text: The diagram shows the respiratory system. Name the structure labelled A and describe its function.
question_image: /images/questions/pe/pe-2023-paper1_page7_img1.png
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Alveoli - tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen diffuses into blood, CO2 diffuses out.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
explanation:
  Alveoli have thin walls (one cell thick), large surface area, and good blood supply for efficient gas exchange.


unique_id: AQA-IMG-PE-HEART-001
question_text: Using the diagram, explain how blood flows through the heart.
question_image: /images/questions/pe/pe-2023-paper1_page4_img1.png
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
correct_answer:
  Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium via vena cava → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs. Oxygenated blood returns via pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body

explanation:
  The heart is a double pump. Right side handles deoxygenated blood (to lungs), left side handles oxygenated blood (to body).


unique_id: AQA-IMG-PE-MOVE-001
question_text: The diagram shows a movement pattern. Identify the type of movement occurring at the elbow joint.
question_image: /images/questions/pe/pe-2023-paper1_page5_img1.png
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Flexion (decreasing the angle at the joint)
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
explanation:
  Flexion decreases the angle at a joint. Extension increases it. The elbow is a hinge joint allowing flexion/extension.


unique_id: AQA-IMG-MATHS-SCATTER-001
question_text: The scatter graph shows data. Describe the correlation and draw a line of best fit.
question_image: /images/questions/maths/maths-2023-paper2h_page9_img1.png
question_type: short_answer
explanation: Positive correlation: as x increases, y increases. Negative: as x increases, y decreases.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:33:54
correct_answer:
  Positive/negative correlation (state which). Line of best fit should pass through or near most points.


unique_id: AQA-PE-SKEL-JOINT-LABEL-1
question_text: The diagram shows a synovial joint. Label parts A-D and explain the function of each.
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/synovial-joint.svg
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
correct_answer:
  A: Cartilage - reduces friction, absorbs shock. B: Synovial fluid - lubricates joint, reduces friction. C: Synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid. D: Joint capsule - holds joint together, contains synovial fluid.

explanation:
  Synovial joints allow free movement. The structures work together to enable smooth, pain-free movement.

marking_criteria:
  "[{\"point\":\"A: Cartilage\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Function: reduces friction\\/absorbs shock\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"B: Synovial fluid\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Function: lubricates\\/reduces friction\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"C: Synovial membrane\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Function: produces synovial fluid\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"D: Joint capsule\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Function: holds joint together\\/contains fluid\",\"marks\":1}]"


unique_id: AQA-BIO-CELL-ANIMAL-LABEL-1
question_text: Label the parts of the animal cell shown in the diagram.
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/animal-cell.svg
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
correct_answer:
  A: Cell membrane - controls what enters and leaves. B: Cytoplasm - where chemical reactions occur. C: Nucleus - contains genetic material/DNA. D: Mitochondria - where respiration occurs. E: Ribosomes - where proteins are made.

explanation:
  Animal cells have these key organelles. Plant cells have additional structures: cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts.

marking_criteria:
  "[{\"point\":\"A: Cell membrane\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"B: Cytoplasm\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"C: Nucleus\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"D: Mitochondria\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"E: Ribosomes\",\"marks\":1}]"


unique_id: AQA-BIO-CELL-COMPARE-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/plant-animal-cell-compare.svg
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
question_text:
  Compare the plant cell and animal cell shown in the diagrams. Identify THREE structures found only in plant cells.

explanation:
  Plant cells have a rigid cell wall for support, a large permanent vacuole filled with cell sap, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.


unique_id: AQA-PHYS-CIRCUIT-SYMBOLS-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/circuit-symbols-blank.svg
question_type: short_answer
explanation: Standard circuit symbols are used internationally to represent components in circuit diagrams.
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
question_text:
  Draw the circuit symbols for: (a) a cell, (b) a resistor, (c) a lamp, (d) an ammeter, (e) a voltmeter.

correct_answer:
  Cell: long and short parallel lines. Resistor: rectangle. Lamp: circle with cross. Ammeter: circle with A. Voltmeter: circle with V.


unique_id: AQA-PHYS-CIRCUIT-CALC-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/science-phys-2023-paper1h_page9_img1.png
question_type: calculation
correct_answer: For series: R_total = R1 + R2 = 4Ω + 6Ω = 10Ω. Using V = IR, I = V/R = 12V / 10Ω = 1.2A
explanation: In series circuits, resistances add up. Use Ohm's Law (V = IR) to find current.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
question_text:
  Look at the circuit diagram. Calculate the total resistance and the current flowing through the circuit.


unique_id: EDEX-MATHS-CIRCLE-TANGENT-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/maths-2023-paper3h_page7_img1.png
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
question_text:
  The diagram shows a circle with centre O. AB is a tangent to the circle at point P. Angle OPA = 90°. Explain why the tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.

correct_answer:
  The tangent touches the circle at exactly one point. At this point, the radius and tangent are perpendicular (90°) because any other angle would mean the line crosses the circle at two points, making it a chord not a tangent.

explanation:
  This is a circle theorem: the angle between a tangent and radius at the point of contact is always 90°.


unique_id: EDEX-MATHS-CIRCLE-ANGLE-1
question_text: Use the diagram to find the value of angle x. Give reasons for each step of your working.
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/maths-2023-paper2h_page18_img1.png
question_type: calculation
explanation: Circle theorem questions require stating the theorem used at each step.
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
correct_answer:
  Using circle theorems: angle at centre = 2 × angle at circumference. Angles in same segment are equal. Opposite angles in cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180°.


unique_id: EDEX-MATHS-GRAPH-ACCEL-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/maths-2023-paper3h_page14_img1.png
question_type: calculation
explanation: On a speed-time graph, acceleration is the gradient (slope) of the line.
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:50:53
question_text:
  The graph shows speed against time for a car journey. Calculate the acceleration during the first 10 seconds.

correct_answer:
  Acceleration = change in speed ÷ time = gradient of line. If speed goes from 0 to 20 m/s in 10 seconds, a = (20-0)/10 = 2 m/s²


unique_id: AQA-PE-CARDIO-HEART-LABEL-1
question_text: Label the parts of the heart indicated by letters A-F on the diagram.
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/heart-unlabelled.svg
question_type: short_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
correct_answer:
  A: Right atrium, B: Left atrium, C: Right ventricle, D: Left ventricle, E: Pulmonary artery, F: Aorta

explanation:
  The heart has four chambers: two atria (top) that receive blood, and two ventricles (bottom) that pump blood out. The right side receives deoxygenated blood and sends it to the lungs. The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.

marking_criteria:
  "[{\"point\":\"A: Right atrium\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"B: Left atrium\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"C: Right ventricle\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"D: Left ventricle\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"E: Pulmonary artery\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"F: Aorta\",\"marks\":1}]"


unique_id: AQA-PE-CARDIO-BLOOD-FLOW-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/heart-blood-flow.svg
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
question_text:
  The diagram shows the pathway of blood through the heart. Describe the journey of deoxygenated blood from the body, through the heart, to the lungs.

correct_answer:
  Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava. It passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, pushing blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for gas exchange.

explanation:
  This is pulmonary circulation - the route between the heart and lungs. The right side of the heart handles deoxygenated blood.

marking_criteria:
  "[{\"point\":\"Blood enters right atrium via vena cava\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Right ventricle contracts\\/pumps\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Blood goes through pulmonary artery to lungs\",\"marks\":1}]"


unique_id: AQA-PE-CARDIO-HR-EXERCISE-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/pe-2023-paper1_page7_img1.png
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: easy
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
question_text:
  Look at the diagram of heart rate during exercise. Describe what happens to heart rate during the warm-up, main activity, and cool-down phases.

correct_answer:
  During warm-up, heart rate gradually increases from resting to prepare for exercise. During main activity, heart rate reaches its peak and maintains an elevated level. During cool-down, heart rate gradually decreases back towards resting level.

explanation:
  Heart rate changes reflect the body's oxygen demands. Higher activity = more oxygen needed = faster heart rate.


unique_id: AQA-PE-RESP-LUNGS-LABEL-1
question_text: Label parts A-E on the diagram of the respiratory system.
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/lungs-unlabelled.svg
question_type: short_answer
correct_answer: A: Trachea, B: Bronchi, C: Bronchioles, D: Alveoli, E: Diaphragm
difficulty: medium
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
explanation:
  Air enters through the trachea (windpipe), splits into two bronchi (one for each lung), which branch into smaller bronchioles, ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange occurs. The diaphragm contracts to draw air in.

marking_criteria:
  "[{\"point\":\"A: Trachea\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"B: Bronchi\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"C: Bronchioles\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"D: Alveoli\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"E: Diaphragm\",\"marks\":1}]"


unique_id: AQA-PE-RESP-ALVEOLI-ADAPT-1
question_image: /storage/images/diagrams/alveolus.svg
question_type: long_answer
explanation: These adaptations maximise the rate of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
difficulty: hard
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Generated/similar question (not verbatim past paper)
created_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
updated_at: 2026-02-05 22:51:14
question_text:
  The diagram shows an alveolus surrounded by a capillary. Explain how the structure of the alveoli is adapted for gas exchange.

correct_answer:
  Alveoli have thin walls (one cell thick) for short diffusion distance. Large surface area from many alveoli. Moist lining to dissolve gases. Rich blood supply from surrounding capillaries. Concentration gradient maintained by blood flow and breathing.

marking_criteria:
  "[{\"point\":\"Thin walls \\/ one cell thick \\/ short diffusion distance\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Large surface area\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Good blood supply \\/ capillaries\",\"marks\":1},{\"point\":\"Moist lining OR concentration gradient maintained\",\"marks\":1}]"


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-001
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","ambition"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 001
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents ambition in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 7):
  "I have no spur
  To prick the sides of my intent, but only
  Vaulting ambition, which o\'erleaps itself
  And falls on the other."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents ambition in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents ambition in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
  Strong response should include: clear argument; close language/structure/form analysis of extract; at least two whole-text links; relevant context (Jacobean beliefs, kingship, gender, witchcraft, order/disorder where appropriate); and a reasoned judgement.

explanation:
  Quick plan: 1) Thesis answering the key focus. 2) Extract micro-analysis (word-level AO2). 3) Whole-text link to an earlier/later moment. 4) Context integrated into argument (AO3, not bolted on). 5) Concluding judgement.

mark_scheme:
  AO1: critical, conceptual argument with references. AO2: analysis of language, form and structure. AO3: informed contextual links. Aim to evaluate Shakespeare\'s intentions and effects on audience.

marking_criteria:
  {"AO1":"Clear thesis, coherent argument, apt references","AO2":"Precise methods analysis and effects","AO3":"Relevant contextual integration"}


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-002
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 002
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as a powerful female character in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 5):
  "Come, you spirits
  That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,
  And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full
  Of direst cruelty."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as a powerful female character in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as a powerful female character in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
  Strong response should include: clear argument; close language/structure/form analysis of extract; at least two whole-text links; relevant context (Jacobean beliefs, kingship, gender, witchcraft, order/disorder where appropriate); and a reasoned judgement.

explanation:
  Quick plan: 1) Thesis answering the key focus. 2) Extract micro-analysis (word-level AO2). 3) Whole-text link to an earlier/later moment. 4) Context integrated into argument (AO3, not bolted on). 5) Concluding judgement.

mark_scheme:
  AO1: critical, conceptual argument with references. AO2: analysis of language, form and structure. AO3: informed contextual links. Aim to evaluate Shakespeare\'s intentions and effects on audience.

marking_criteria:
  {"AO1":"Clear thesis, coherent argument, apt references","AO2":"Precise methods analysis and effects","AO3":"Relevant contextual integration"}

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","lady macbeth as a powerful female character"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-003
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 003
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents the supernatural as a force for disorder in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 1):
  "Fair is foul, and foul is fair:
  Hover through the fog and filthy air."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents the supernatural as a force for disorder in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents the supernatural as a force for disorder in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
  Strong response should include: clear argument; close language/structure/form analysis of extract; at least two whole-text links; relevant context (Jacobean beliefs, kingship, gender, witchcraft, order/disorder where appropriate); and a reasoned judgement.

explanation:
  Quick plan: 1) Thesis answering the key focus. 2) Extract micro-analysis (word-level AO2). 3) Whole-text link to an earlier/later moment. 4) Context integrated into argument (AO3, not bolted on). 5) Concluding judgement.

mark_scheme:
  AO1: critical, conceptual argument with references. AO2: analysis of language, form and structure. AO3: informed contextual links. Aim to evaluate Shakespeare\'s intentions and effects on audience.

marking_criteria:
  {"AO1":"Clear thesis, coherent argument, apt references","AO2":"Precise methods analysis and effects","AO3":"Relevant contextual integration"}

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","the supernatural as a force for disorder"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-004
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 004
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents guilt and psychological torment in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 2):
  "Methought I heard a voice cry, 'Sleep no more!
  Macbeth does murder sleep.'"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents guilt and psychological torment in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents guilt and psychological torment in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","guilt and psychological torment"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-005
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 005
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents kingship in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 4 Scene 3):
  "This tyrant, whose sole name blisters our tongues,
  Was once thought honest."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents kingship in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents kingship in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","shakespeare's presentation of kingship"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-006
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","appearance versus reality"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 006
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents appearance versus reality in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 5):
  "Look like the innocent flower,
  But be the serpent under't."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents appearance versus reality in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents appearance versus reality in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-007
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","macbeth as a tragic hero"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 007
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a tragic hero in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 3 Scene 1):
  "To be thus is nothing;
  But to be safely thus."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a tragic hero in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a tragic hero in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-008
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 008
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents fear and paranoia in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 3 Scene 4):
  "Never shake
  Thy gory locks at me."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents fear and paranoia in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents fear and paranoia in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","fear and paranoia in macbeth's rule"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-009
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","violence and masculinity"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 009
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents violence and masculinity in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 7):
  "When you durst do it, then you were a man."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents violence and masculinity in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents violence and masculinity in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-010
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","fate versus free will"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 010
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents fate versus free will in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 3):
  "If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me,
  Without my stir."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents fate versus free will in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents fate versus free will in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-011
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","disruption of natural order"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 011
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents disruption of natural order in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 4):
  "By the clock 'tis day,
  And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents disruption of natural order in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents disruption of natural order in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-012
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 012
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents blood imagery in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 2):
  "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
  Clean from my hand?"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents blood imagery in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents blood imagery in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","shakespeare's use of blood imagery"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-013
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","macduff as a foil to macbeth"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 013
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Macduff as a foil to Macbeth in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 4 Scene 3):
  "All my pretty ones?
  Did you say all? O hell-kite! All?"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Macduff as a foil to Macbeth in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Macduff as a foil to Macbeth in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-014
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 014
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Duncan in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 6):
  "This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air
  Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
  Unto our gentle senses."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Duncan in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Duncan in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how shakespeare presents duncan"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-015
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","banquo's role in the play"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 015
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Banquo's role in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 1):
  "A heavy summons lies like lead upon me,
  And yet I would not sleep."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Banquo's role in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Banquo's role in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-016
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 016
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents unchecked ambition in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 4 Scene 1):
  "From this moment
  The very firstlings of my heart shall be
  The firstlings of my hand."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents unchecked ambition in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents unchecked ambition in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","the dangers of unchecked ambition"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-017
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 017
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth's guilt and breakdown in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 5 Scene 1):
  "Out, damned spot! out, I say!"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth's guilt and breakdown in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth's guilt and breakdown in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","lady macbeth's guilt and breakdown"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-018
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","the importance of conscience"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 018
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents conscience in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 1):
  "Is this a dagger which I see before me,
  The handle toward my hand?"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents conscience in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents conscience in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-019
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","tyranny and leadership"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 019
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents tyranny and leadership in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 5 Scene 2):
  "Those he commands move only in command,
  Nothing in love."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents tyranny and leadership in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents tyranny and leadership in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-020
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 020
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents tension in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 3):
  "Knock, knock! Who's there, i' the name of
  Beelzebub?"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents tension in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents tension in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how shakespeare creates tension"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-021
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","the role of prophecy"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 021
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents prophecy in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 4 Scene 1):
  "None of woman born
  Shall harm Macbeth."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents prophecy in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents prophecy in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-022
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","scotland as a suffering nation"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 022
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents Scotland as a suffering nation in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 4 Scene 3):
  "Each new morn
  New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows
  Strike heaven on the face."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents Scotland as a suffering nation in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents Scotland as a suffering nation in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-023
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 023
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents loyalty in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 2):
  "For brave Macbeth—well he deserves that name."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents loyalty in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents loyalty in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how shakespeare presents loyalty"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-024
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 024
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents sleep in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 2):
  "Macbeth does murder sleep."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents sleep in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents sleep in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","the importance of sleep in macbeth"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-025
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how shakespeare presents evil"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 025
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents evil in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 5):
  "Come, thick night,
  And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents evil in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents evil in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-026
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 026
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents contrast between scenes in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 2 Scene 3):
  "Here's a knocking indeed! If a man were porter
  of hell-gate, he should have old turning the key."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents contrast between scenes in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents contrast between scenes in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","shakespeare's use of contrast between scenes"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-027
question_type: long_answer
keywords: ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how fear controls macbeth"]
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 027
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents fear in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 3 Scene 2):
  "O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife!"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents fear in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents fear in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-028
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 028
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents justice in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 5 Scene 8):
  "Turn, hell-hound, turn!"

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents justice in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents justice in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how shakespeare presents justice"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-029
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 029
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents children and legacy in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 3 / Act 4 Scene 1):
  "Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents children and legacy in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents children and legacy in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","the significance of children and legacy"]


unique_id: AQA-ENGLIT-MACBETH-EXTRACT-030
question_type: long_answer
difficulty: hard
exam_board: AQA
paper_number: 8702/1
question_number: Practice 030
source_type: generated_similar
source_title: Macbeth Exam-Style Practice Set
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:30:00
question_text:
  Starting with this extract, explore how Shakespeare presents moral choice in Macbeth.

  Read this extract (Act 1 Scene 7):
  "He's here in double trust:
  First, as I am his kinsman and his subject..."

  Write about:
  - how Shakespeare presents moral choice in this extract
  - how Shakespeare presents moral choice in the play as a whole.

correct_answer:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 256 characters]

explanation:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 220 characters]

mark_scheme:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 197 characters]

marking_criteria:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 142 characters]

keywords:
  ["macbeth","extract","whole text","ao1","ao2","ao3","shakespeare","how shakespeare presents moral choice"]


# flashcards

unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-005
source: syllabus
front: What is the function of the LEFT VENTRICLE?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta\n\n(Has the thickest wall - needs to pump blood the furthest)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-006
source: syllabus
front: Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  It needs to pump blood all around the body (systemic circulation) which requires more force than pumping to the nearby lungs


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-007
source: syllabus
front: What is the SEPTUM?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The muscular wall dividing the left and right sides of the heart\n\nPrevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-013
source: syllabus
front: What are the features of ARTERIES?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Carry blood AWAY from heart\n• Thick muscular walls\n• Small lumen\n• Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)\n• No valves\n• Blood under high pressure


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-014
source: syllabus
front: What are the features of VEINS?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Carry blood TO the heart\n• Thin walls\n• Large lumen\n• Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein)\n• Have valves\n• Blood under low pressure


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-015
source: syllabus
front: What are the features of CAPILLARIES?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Tiny blood vessels (one cell thick)\n• Site of gas exchange\n• Connect arteries to veins\n• Walls allow diffusion of oxygen, CO2, nutrients, waste


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-016
source: syllabus
front: What is the AORTA?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The largest artery in the body\n\nCarries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-017
source: syllabus
front: What is the VENA CAVA?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The largest vein in the body\n\nCarries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium\n\n(Superior = upper body, Inferior = lower body)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-018
source: syllabus
front: What is the PULMONARY ARTERY?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the right ventricle to the lungs\n\n(Only artery to carry deoxygenated blood!)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-019
source: syllabus
front: What is the PULMONARY VEIN?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Carries OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the left atrium\n\n(Only vein to carry oxygenated blood!)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-020
source: syllabus
front: What is the CARDIAC CYCLE?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The sequence of events in one complete heartbeat:\n\n1. Atria contract (atrial systole)\n2. Ventricles contract (ventricular systole)\n3. Heart relaxes (diastole)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-021
source: syllabus
front: What is SYSTOLE?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The contraction phase of the heart muscle\n\n• Atrial systole = atria contract\n• Ventricular systole = ventricles contract


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-023
source: syllabus
front: What is CARDIAC OUTPUT?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute\n\nCardiac Output = Stroke Volume × Heart Rate\n\nCO = SV × HR


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-027
source: syllabus
front: Name the 4 components of blood
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Red blood cells (erythrocytes)\n• White blood cells (leukocytes)\n• Platelets (thrombocytes)\n• Plasma


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-031
source: syllabus
front: What is the function of PLASMA?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The liquid part of blood that carries:\n• Blood cells\n• Nutrients (glucose)\n• Hormones\n• Waste products (CO2, urea)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-033
source: syllabus
front: What is VASCULAR SHUNTING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The redistribution of blood flow during exercise:\n\n• MORE blood to working muscles\n• LESS blood to non-essential organs (digestive system)\n\nAchieved through vasodilation and vasoconstriction


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-034
source: syllabus
front: What is VASODILATION?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Widening of blood vessels\n\nIncreases blood flow to an area (e.g., working muscles during exercise)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-035
source: syllabus
front: What is VASOCONSTRICTION?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Narrowing of blood vessels\n\nReduces blood flow to an area (e.g., digestive system during exercise)


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-037
source: syllabus
front: What is the TRACHEA?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The windpipe\n\nCarries air from mouth/nose to the bronchi\n\nHas C-shaped rings of cartilage to keep it open


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-040
source: syllabus
front: What are ALVEOLI?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles\n\nSite of gas exchange\n\nMillions in each lung = huge surface area


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-041
source: syllabus
front: How are ALVEOLI adapted for gas exchange?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Large surface area (millions of them)\n• Thin walls (one cell thick)\n• Moist lining (gases dissolve)\n• Good blood supply (capillaries)\n• Short diffusion distance


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-042
source: syllabus
front: What happens during GAS EXCHANGE at the alveoli?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Oxygen diffuses FROM alveoli INTO blood\n• Carbon dioxide diffuses FROM blood INTO alveoli\n\nThis happens by diffusion down concentration gradients


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-043
source: syllabus
front: What is the DIAPHRAGM?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs\n\nContracts and flattens during inhalation\nRelaxes and rises during exhalation


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-044
source: syllabus
front: What are the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Muscles between the ribs\n\nExternal intercostals contract during inhalation (ribs up and out)\nInternal intercostals contract during forced exhalation


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-045
source: syllabus
front: What happens during INHALATION?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  1. Diaphragm contracts (flattens)\n2. External intercostals contract (ribs up and out)\n3. Chest cavity volume increases\n4. Pressure decreases\n5. Air rushes IN


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-046
source: syllabus
front: What happens during EXHALATION?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  1. Diaphragm relaxes (domes up)\n2. Intercostals relax (ribs down and in)\n3. Chest cavity volume decreases\n4. Pressure increases\n5. Air pushed OUT


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-048
source: syllabus
front: What is VITAL CAPACITY?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The maximum volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximum inhalation\n\nAbout 4-6 litres


unique_id: AQA-PE-APPL-FC-049
source: syllabus
front: What is RESIDUAL VOLUME?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation\n\nAbout 1.2 litres\n\nKeeps alveoli open


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-002
source: syllabus
front: What is PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Gradually increasing training demands over time to continue improving\n\nThe body adapts, so must be challenged more


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-003
source: syllabus
front: What is SPECIFICITY?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Training must be relevant to your sport/activity\n\nTrain the specific muscles, energy systems, and movements used


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-005
source: syllabus
front: What is INDIVIDUAL NEEDS?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Training should be tailored to the individual\n\nConsider: age, gender, fitness level, goals, injuries


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-006
source: syllabus
front: What is CONTINUOUS TRAINING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Exercising at a steady pace for at least 20 minutes without rest\n\nImproves cardiovascular endurance\n\nExample: jogging, cycling, swimming


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-007
source: syllabus
front: What is FARTLEK TRAINING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  "Speed play" - varying pace and terrain during continuous exercise\n\nCombines aerobic and anaerobic\n\nExample: sprint, jog, sprint, walk


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-008
source: syllabus
front: What is INTERVAL TRAINING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Periods of high-intensity work followed by rest or low-intensity\n\nImproves aerobic and anaerobic fitness\n\nExample: 30s sprint, 30s rest, repeat


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-009
source: syllabus
front: What is CIRCUIT TRAINING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  A series of exercises performed at stations with brief rest between\n\nCan target different fitness components\n\nExample: 8 stations, 30s each


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-010
source: syllabus
front: What is PLYOMETRIC TRAINING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Explosive exercises involving rapid stretching and contracting of muscles\n\nDevelops power\n\nExample: box jumps, bounding, clap press-ups


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-011
source: syllabus
front: What is WEIGHT/RESISTANCE TRAINING?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Using weights or resistance to improve muscular strength/endurance\n\nHigh weight, low reps = strength\nLow weight, high reps = endurance


unique_id: AQA-PE-PHYS-FC-012
source: syllabus
front: What is HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT)?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Short bursts of maximum effort followed by rest\n\nTypically 20-30 seconds work, 10-15 seconds rest\n\nImproves aerobic and anaerobic fitness quickly


unique_id: AQA-PE-MOVE-FC-006
source: syllabus
front: What is an AGONIST muscle?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The muscle that contracts to produce movement\n\nAlso called the "prime mover"\n\nExample: biceps during a bicep curl


unique_id: AQA-PE-MOVE-FC-007
source: syllabus
front: What is an ANTAGONIST muscle?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  The muscle that relaxes to allow movement\n\nWorks opposite to the agonist\n\nExample: triceps during a bicep curl


unique_id: AQA-PE-MOVE-FC-011
source: syllabus
front: What type of joint is the SHOULDER?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  BALL AND SOCKET joint\n\nAllows movement in all directions (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation)


unique_id: AQA-PE-HEAL-FC-001
source: syllabus
front: What is the difference between HEALTH and FITNESS?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  HEALTH: Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing (not just absence of illness)\n\nFITNESS: Ability to meet the demands of the environment


unique_id: AQA-PE-HEAL-FC-002
source: syllabus
front: Name the 5 components of HEALTH-RELATED fitness
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:04
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  1. Cardiovascular endurance\n2. Muscular endurance\n3. Muscular strength\n4. Flexibility\n5. Body composition


unique_id: AQA-PE-SPOR-FC-001
source: syllabus
front: What is INTRINSIC MOTIVATION?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:05
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Motivation from within\n\n• Personal satisfaction\n• Enjoyment\n• Sense of achievement\n\nExample: playing sport because you love it


unique_id: AQA-PE-SPOR-FC-002
source: syllabus
front: What is EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:05
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Motivation from external rewards\n\n• Trophies\n• Money\n• Praise\n\nExample: playing for prize money


unique_id: AQA-PE-SPOR-FC-003
source: syllabus
front: What is AROUSAL?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:05
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  A state of physical and mental readiness to perform\n\nToo little = poor performance\nToo much = anxiety/mistakes


unique_id: AQA-PE-SPOR-FC-004
source: syllabus
front: What is the INVERTED U THEORY?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:05
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Performance improves with arousal up to an optimal point, then declines if arousal gets too high\n\nShows relationship between arousal and performance


unique_id: AQA-PE-SPOR-FC-005
source: syllabus
front: Name 3 methods to control ANXIETY
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:05
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  • Deep breathing\n• Mental rehearsal/visualisation\n• Positive self-talk\n• Listening to music\n• Imagery\n• Relaxation techniques


unique_id: AQA-PE-SPOR-FC-006
source: syllabus
front: What is MENTAL REHEARSAL?
created_at: 2026-02-05 21:26:05
updated_at: 2026-02-06 08:03:10
back:
  Picturing successful performance in your mind\n\nHelps improve technique and reduce anxiety\n\nAlso called visualisation or imagery


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-EXM-001
source: curated_exam
front: Macbeth exam method: What should your first paragraph do after reading the extract question?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Start with a clear thesis that answers the focus, then analyse one key quotation from the extract using method + effect + theme.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-EXM-002
source: curated_exam
front: How can you move from extract analysis to whole-text analysis in Macbeth?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Use a bridge sentence: "Elsewhere in the play..." then compare how the same theme develops at another key moment.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-THM-001
source: curated_exam
front: Ambition: Use "vaulting ambition" in an exam paragraph.
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Quote: "vaulting ambition". Method: metaphor of over-jumping. Idea: ambition becomes self-destructive and morally blind.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-THM-002
source: curated_exam
front: How does Shakespeare present guilt through sleep imagery?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Use: "Macbeth does murder sleep". Sleep symbolises innocence and peace. Macbeth kills Duncan and destroys his own peace.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-THM-003
source: curated_exam
front: Supernatural: What is the effect of "Fair is foul, and foul is fair"?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  The paradox establishes moral inversion from the start. The supernatural blurs right/wrong and foreshadows Macbeth's corruption.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-THM-004
source: curated_exam
front: Kingship: How does Shakespeare contrast Duncan and Macbeth?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Duncan is associated with order and legitimacy; Macbeth's tyrannical rule brings fear, violence and disorder to Scotland.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-CHR-001
source: curated_exam
front: Macbeth character arc in 3 stages for AO1.
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Stage 1: "brave Macbeth" (honoured warrior). Stage 2: conflicted regicide. Stage 3: isolated tyrant facing consequences.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-CHR-002
source: curated_exam
front: Lady Macbeth: How does she challenge gender expectations early in the play?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  "unsex me here" rejects Jacobean femininity. She seeks cruelty and control to drive Macbeth toward murder.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-CHR-003
source: curated_exam
front: How does Shakespeare show Lady Macbeth's decline?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  She moves from control to breakdown: sleepwalking and "Out, damned spot!" reveal guilt she cannot suppress.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-AO2-001
source: curated_exam
front: AO2 drill: Why is "Stars, hide your fires" a strong quote for ambition and secrecy?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Imperative + darkness imagery. Macbeth asks nature to conceal "black and deep desires", showing conscious moral awareness.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-AO2-002
source: curated_exam
front: AO2 drill: Analyse "Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under't".
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Juxtaposition and biblical allusion. Appearance vs reality; evil is disguised as innocence, linking to deception and temptation.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-AO2-003
source: curated_exam
front: AO2 drill: What does "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?" show?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Hyperbole + blood imagery. Macbeth feels guilt is cosmic and permanent; physical washing cannot erase moral crime.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-AO3-001
source: curated_exam
front: AO3 context: Why does regicide matter to a Jacobean audience?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Killing a king broke divine order (Divine Right of Kings). Shakespeare presents regicide as a crime against God and state.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-AO3-002
source: curated_exam
front: AO3 context: How does the play reflect James I's interests?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  James I was linked to witchcraft concerns and lineage politics. The play warns against treason and legitimises rightful kingship.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-AO3-003
source: curated_exam
front: Context precision: How should you use context in Macbeth essays?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Attach context directly to evidence: quote -> method -> meaning -> one relevant contextual link. Avoid generic context paragraphs.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-EXM-003
source: curated_exam
front: Exam sentence frame for Macbeth extract questions.
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  "In this extract, Shakespeare presents ... through ... . Elsewhere in the play, he develops this by ..."


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-EXM-004
source: curated_exam
front: How many key quotations should you aim for in a strong Macbeth response?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Use fewer, better quotations: around 4-6 integrated quotations with precise AO2 analysis and whole-text coverage.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-THM-005
source: curated_exam
front: Responsibility and blame: Is Macbeth fully controlled by the witches?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  No. The witches tempt and predict, but Macbeth chooses action. Shakespeare emphasises agency and moral responsibility.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-THM-006
source: curated_exam
front: How does Shakespeare present masculinity in Macbeth?
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  Characters equate manhood with violence and dominance. Shakespeare critiques this by showing its destructive consequences.


unique_id: AQA-ENGL-MACB-EXM-005
source: curated_exam
front: Fast exam plan for a Macbeth 30-mark question.
created_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
updated_at: 2026-03-05 12:00:00
back:
  1) Thesis. 2) Extract quote + AO2. 3) Whole-text link 1. 4) Whole-text link 2. 5) Context integrated. 6) Judgementful conclusion.


